Globalization and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Globalization and Culture - Essay Example As I would see it, globalization is a modernizing power than can sustain neighborhood societies and permit them to spread over the world. Globalization isn't a destroyer of nearby societies and customs. It is an open door for neighborhood, provincial, and ethnic societies and customs to spread and develop. Inferable from social globalization, diverse contacts have altogether expanded. These cooperations have formed the world to be what it is today. For instance, religion might be viewed as a social practice. On that note, religions, for example, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all started in explicit spots of the world (Fu and Chiu 637). Today, on account of globalization, these religions are rehearsed in pretty much every edge of the world. These normal religions have been grasped and acknowledged by various individuals from everywhere throughout the world due to globalization. Globalization has empowered the intersection of worldwide limits, in this way, permitting multifaceted contacts that have prompted the spread of these religions. This shows globalization isn't a destroyer of societies and conventions. It is, truth be told, an advertiser of societies and customs (Fu and Chiu 638). Other social practices, for example, customary music from Africa, for instance, have had the option to arrive at the Western world in view of globalization. Globalization has permitted privately recorded music to contact crowds from everywhere throughout the world (Fu and Chiu 639). Likewise, Anglo-American popular music has had the option to spread wherever through mediums, for example, MTV. These social practices have not been devastated. Actually, globalization has assisted with spreading them everywhere throughout the globe, and they are continually being acknowledged by an ever increasing number of individuals. Customary recreational practices, for example, sports, games, and other relaxation exercises have likewise picked up prominence in districts that they never used to be rehearsed. Football is a genuine model (Fu and Chiu 640). Language, being a piece of culture, has additionally profited by

Calcium In A Plant Based Diet Essay Example For Students

Calcium In A Plant Based Diet Essay Numerous individuals decide to keep away from milk and other dairy items since they contain fat, cholesterol, allergenic proteins, lactose, and regularly hints of tainting. Milk is additionally connected to adolescent onsetdiabetes, and different genuine conditions. Cheerfully, there are a lot of other, more secure and increasingly dependable wellsprings of calcium. Keeping your bones solid relies more upon keeping the loss of calcium from your body than on boosting your calcium consumption. A few societies expend no dairy items and regularly ingest just 175 to 475 milligrams of calcium for each day. Be that as it may, these individuals by and large have low paces of osteoporosis. Numerous researchers accept that activity and different variables have more to do with osteoporosis than calcium consumption does. Calcium in the Body. Practically all the calcium in the body is during the bones. There is a minuscule sum in the circulation system which is answerable for significant capacities, for example, muscle withdrawals, upkeep of the heartbeat, and transmission of nerve driving forces. We continually lose calcium from our circulatory system through perspiration and different discharges. It is restored with calcium from the bones. In this procedure, bones consistently lose calcium. This bone calcium must be supplanted from food. Calcium needs change all through life. Up to the age of 30 or somewhere in the vicinity, we expend more calcium than we lose. Satisfactory calcium consumption during youth and pre-adulthood is particularly significant. Afterward, the body starts to slip into negative calcium balance and the bones begin to lose more calcium than they take up. The loss of a lot of calcium can prompt delicate bones or osteoporosis. How quickly calcium is lost depends, to some extent, on the sort and measure of protein you eat just as other eating routine and way of life decisions. Decreasing Calcium Loss. Various elements influence calcium misfortune from the body:Diets that are high in protein cause more calcium to be lost through the pee. Protein from creature items is significantly more prone to cause calcium misfortune than protein from plant nourishments. This might be one explanation that veggie lovers will in general have more grounded bones than meat eaters. Caffeine builds the rate at which calcium is lose through pee. Liquor represses calcium ingestion. The mineral boron may slow the loss of calcium from bones. Exercise eases back bone misfortune and is one of the most significant factors in keeping up bone wellbeing. Wellsprings of Calcium:Exercise and an eating routine moderate in protein will assist with ensuring your bones. Individuals who eat plant-based weight control plans and who lead a functioning way of life likely have lower calcium needs. In any case, calcium is a basic supplement for everybody. It is critical to eat calcium-rich nourishments consistently. The accompanying graph will disclose to you the calcium substance of numerous nourishments. Vegetables Calcium (mg)Chickpeas, 1 cup, canned..78Great Northern beans, 1 cup boiled121Green beans, 1 cup boiled..58Green peas, 1 cup boiled.44Kidney beans, 1 cup boiled..50Lentils, 1 cup boiled37Lima beans, 1 cup boiled.52Navy beans, 1 cup boiled.128Pinto beans, 1 cup boiled82Soybeans, 1 cup boiled.175Tofu, crude, firm 1/2 cup.258Vegetarian prepared beans, 1 cup.128Wax beans, 1 cup canned.. 174White beans, 1 cup boiled..161If utilizing Calcium Fortified items, check the wellspring of the calcium. Human services and Beauty Essays

Why Returning to Chambana Is Amazing...

Why Returning to Chambana Is Amazing... Going home for break is extremely exciting. After focusing on academics for four months straight, it’s nice to wind down and drink some hot cocoa while watching Christmas movies and snuggling with your siblings on the couch. Mom’s home-cooked meals are delicious and seeing old friends is refreshing as well. However, going back to Champaign-Urbana (or more commonly referred to as “Chambana” by most students) can be an exciting thought. Here are a few reasons why returning to Chambana is amazing: 1. Being around my friends! It can be hard to meet up with friends from home over break. People have different plans. Peoples families have different plans. Saying, “Let’s grab food!” doesn’t always end up happening. However, when you’re at school, it’s much easier to find people who can relate to your schedule (not to mention, it’s extremely convenient to live within five miles of each other). 2. Roomies! Distance makes one’s heart grow fonder. Going from seeing someone every day to all of the sudden not being able to see them can really be hard. You’ll definitely want to spend quality time with your roomie once you return to campus. 3. The scenery ?? First of all, Champaign has this beautiful thing called Green Street. To put it simply, Green Street is the place to get food, from pizza to pasta to sandwiches to soup to Chinese and so much more! If you want it, this street will most likely have it. However, there are also some other kinds of beautiful places on campus like the Main Quad, Boneyard Creek in the Engineering Quad, and the beautiful, snow-covered buildings. 4. Alma!! Lastly … Alma Mater! She is always welcoming her students back with open arms. It seems like such a small thing right now, but when you’re a student here, you’ll hopefully see the significance behind beautiful Alma. Being home is awesome, but being in Chambana means you’re back on the best campus in the country … and what’s better than that?! Nisha Class of 2022 The first time I visited Illinois, I knew that it was the school for me! I am on the pre-med track, majoring in Psychology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

The Phenomenon Of Enmeshment Between A Mother And Her Child

This paper will explore the phenomenon of enmeshment between a mother and her child. It will begin by first providing a working definition for the concept of enmeshment, then go into more detail about how and why this manifests within the mother and child dynamic. Next it will discuss maternal enmeshment’s impact on the child’s development during childhood using the theories of Erik Erikson and John Bowlby as a framework of understanding. It will conclude by providing a brief overview of some ways enmeshment can adversely influence the child across the lifespan. Enmeshment is a term first coined by Family Systems theorist Salvador Minuchin. According to Minuchin, enmeshment is a relational structure in which there is a distortion of psychological boundaries, making autonomy very difficult to accomplish. In enmeshed relationships, interpersonal differentiation is poor, causing the individual to get lost within the relational dynamic (Minuchin, 1974). Another sy stems theorist, Murray Bowen, also discusses the concept of enmeshment. Bowen, inspired by analytic theory, posited that one’s thinking, feeling, and behaving is tied to the family system (Bowen, 1978). In accordance with his analytic roots, Bowen referred to enmeshment as an â€Å"undifferentiated ego mass†. By this he means there is lack of acknowledgement of the separateness between the self and other – their egos are â€Å"melded† as one (Bowen, 1978). Just as Minuchin valued boundaries, Bowen valued autonomy,

Probability in Everyday Life and in The Game Industry

Math is present in everyday life and can be used in any situation. Probability is a mathematical concept in which people use more often then they know. In my case I have used probability more outside of math class then I realized. Probability consists of multiple concepts mostly about the occurrence of events. I will explain in more detail how probability is essential in a game degree and how it is used properly in order to determine events. First, Probability and how it is used. Probability is used to determine the occurrence of an event in which can be applied in any aspect of life. An example would be the probability of it raining today. Using factors such as wind, cloud coverage, etc., weather forecaster are able to predict the likeness of it to rain and convert it into a percentage. So if there was 50% chance it was going to rain the probability would be  ½. Probability can also be applied in more personal situations. According to the article â€Å"NEVER SAY NEVER† by D avid J. Hand, the weird coincidences in life that people don’t expect or is very unlikely are actually very likely or almost certain if given enough opportunities. An example of this would be winning the lottery. If someone were to buy 100,000 lottery tickets the chance of them winning is much greater than someone who only bought 10 tickets. If that person bought all the lottery tickets they were guaranteed to win because of one out millions of tickets would have the winning number on it. David J. Hand alsoShow MoreRelatedGS 1140 A Look at Data Mining990 Words   |  4 Pages Who is Watching, Learning, or Knows Your life? â€Å"A Look into Data Mining† Today with the ever growing use of computers in the world, information is constantly moving from one place to another. What is this information, who is it about, and who is using it will be discussed in the following paper. The collecting, interpreting, and determination of use of this information has come to be known as data mining. This term known as data mining has been around only for a short time but the actual collectionRead MoreThe Social Life Of Todays Generation1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe social life of today’s generation has revolved around the operation of a smartphone. Almost everybody will Tweet or Facebook posts their opinion or feelings about popular events or moments; Pictures are posted of timeless instants, such as weddings, ball games, parties and vacations, on social networking accounts on a daily basis. Commenting back and forth has become a method of communication and remaining in touch with people from your past and present life. Tweets, posts, pictu res, commentsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Lives1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthings have transformed our working system completely and our productivity has increased unbelievably. As everyone knows with every positive that have to be a negative, technology is really great, but it also has a huge affected every part of family life. We are spending more time indoors than we are outside. The time we spent on the computer, watching TV, and other electronics drive is about 8 hours a day. During this time, we are usually spent alone and not with the rest of the family. With all theRead MoreEssay on Video Games and Violence1481 Words   |  6 Pagesexpress to in most of these cases they are entertainment media like video games. Now I know there are some who would disagree that video games have nothing to with this about this topic. However as this paper goes deeper in this issue we can finally find out whether video games had influence regardless how powerful it is on gun violenc e. Throughout this paper we research what type of behavioral and psychological effect video games especially those very heavy gun violence in them, and what we as a nationRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Business And Everyday Life2045 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: TECHNOLOGY The Trend of Technology in Business and Everyday Life Khristina Bell Bethel University The trend of technology is continuing to rise as the economy continues to change. â€Å"Some aspects of society and our individual lives are also influenced by technology in many direct and indirect ways, including governance,entertainment, human relationships, and our views on morality, mind, matter and our own human nature† (Patil, 2017). All of the aspects listed playRead MoreThe Reconciliation Of The Ba1825 Words   |  8 Pagesdefensive capabilities. However, this hasn’t dissuaded the development of defensive measures to combat this threat. One of the most common defensive measures is establishing a â€Å"probability/threat matrix†. Which is successfully completed by identifying the assets of the cyber privacy system and calculating the probability of loss. This allows security managers to rank the threats to their cyber privacy guidelines to aid in establishing effective strategies. The most common ways in which security managersRead MoreSignificance Of Risk On The Human Experience3746 Words   |  15 Pagesof both life and cargo resulted in rich economic bounty, gleaned largely on the backs of the poor who set sail in hope of betterment, thus resolutely entering the game of risk and reward. Modern times have seen the further separation of physical and economic risk, with the emergence of the stock market and other financial instruments allowing investors to be exposed to purely economic risk. Somewhat paradoxically, this has been associated with the appearance of the adventure leisure industry, in whichRead MoreCHILDREN TODAY PREFER TO PLAY COMPUTER GAMES TO TRADITIONAL GAMES.2573 Words   |  11 PagesTODAY PREFER TO PLAY COMPUTER GAMES TO TRADITIONAL GAMES. People nowadays are busy with their own lives by spending much time on their gadgets like tablets, iPads and laptops including the children. They are either doing their job or playing games because of habit on the gadgets and forgot the traditional games. It is agreed to say that children today prefer to play computer games to traditional games. For instance, children nowadays did not participate in any club game of traditional like congkakRead MoreSony Challenge5425 Words   |  22 Pagesaged 13-21 who owns a PS4. Our proposal is that we include a Sony SWR10 fitness smart band in the PS4 box, launch a marketing campaign before Christmas and on Boxing Day in Australia the console plus smart band will go on sale together with a game from EA games. Then we introduce the 100-summer days challenge. This is the core of our project, we will offer rewards to people who use their smart band in healthy activities, and based on walking distances or calories burnt that will be recorded in theRead MoreDecision Theory: a Brief Introduction28334 Words   |  114 Pages................................................29 5.2 Objective and subjective utility....................................................30 5.3 Appraisal of EU............................................................................31 5.4 Probability estimates ....................................................................34 6. Bayesianism..............................................................................................37 6.1 What is Bayesianism? ...........................

Hcs430 Master Free Essays

string(39) " a particular segment of the industry\." | Course Design GuideCollege of Natural SciencesHCS/430 Version 5Legal Issues in Health Care: Regulation and Compliance| Copyright  © 2012, 2011, 2009, 2006, 2004 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course covers the broad range of topics affected by health law and regulation ranging from patient rights to corporate responsibilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Hcs430 Master or any similar topic only for you Order Now Public and private health care regulatory agencies are examined as well as their impact on the operation of health care as a business. Legal issues ranging from professional malpractice to corporate wrongdoing are also discussed. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Fremgen, B. F. (2012). Medical law and ethics: An interactive look at the decision, dilemmas, and regulations in healthcare practice today (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Software This course will require the use of the Microsoft ® Office software listed in the University of Phoenix Hardware/Software Agreement. If you have questions regarding the terms of this agreement, please contact your academic counselor. Week One: The Legal Environment of the Health Care Industry| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 1. 1 Relate the general nature, sources, and functions of the law to the health care industry. 1. 2 Identify the governmental and other agencies that impact the health care industry and the regulatory scheme they administer. 1. 3 Analyze the regulatory issues and trends that impact the health care industry. 1. 4 Explain the function and process of individual and organizational licensure, accreditation, certification, and authorization. | | | Reading| Read the Week One Read Me First. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 1 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | Reading| Read Ch. 2 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 3 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Participation/weekly summary| Participate in class discussion. Each response should be 100+ words for substance points. The weekly summary should be 100+ words. | 4 days out of 7| . 52| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions, There are three DQ’s each must be between 200-300 words There will be points ded ucted if each DQ’s are not within the word count (200-300 words). * | Wednesday, Thursday,Friday| . 06. 04. 4| Learning Team InstructionsWeekly Team Review| Review the Week One objectives and discuss insights and questions that may have arisen. | | | Learning Team InstructionsAssignment| Submit the Team Dispute and describe how each team member will work towards developing a finish product in week five (5). | Monday| 1. 00| IndividualArticle or Case Law Search| Note: If an assignment is late, it will be subject to a 10% PER DAY deduction, no papers are accepted after four days. Find an article or a current legal case that involves one of the following issues: [I strongly uggest you use the following as topic headings so that I can follow your paper, thanks! ]A critical regulatory issue in health careA critical regulatory issue specific to institutional health careWrite a 700- to 1,050-word analysis of the article or the legal case that explains how the issue relates to the na ture, sources, and functions of the law. | Monday| 10| Week Two: Contract and Criminal Law in Health CareLabor Laws Impacting Health Care Organizations and Individuals| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 1 2. Identify the various components of criminal law that professionals in the health care industry must understand to avoid violations. 2. 6 Recognize the elements of enforceable contracts and the types of contracts that are applicable to health care providers. 2. 7 Describe how equal-employment opportunity laws are applied to ensure an equitable workplace. 2. 8 Define the health and safety laws that must be applied by health care organizations and providers in ensuring a safe and productive workplace. | | | Reading| Read the Week Two Read Me First. | | | Reading| Read Ch. of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 8 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation/weekly summary| Participate in class discus sion. Each response should be 100+ words for substance points. The weekly summary should be 100+ words. | 4 days out of 7| . 70| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions, There are three DQ’s each must be between 200-300 words There will be points deducted if each DQ’s are not within the word count (200-300 words). | Wednesday, Thursday,Friday | . 5. 75. 75| Learning Team InstructionsWeekly Team Review| Review the Week Two objectives and discuss insights and questions that may have arisen. | | | Learning Team Instructions| Submit the Learning Team Charter| Monday| 1. 00| Learning TeamEmployee Handbook Nondiscrimination Progress Summary| Submit a progress summary for the Employee Handbook Nondiscrimination assignment. Summarize, in approximately 350 words, the team’s progress on the assignment. Address the following in your summary:Which team members are responsible for which deliverables? What has worked well? What challenges have you encountered? How did you overcome those challenges? Will you change anything about the way you are working together or approaching the assignment? Why or why not? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | Monday| 5. 00| IndividualRegulatory Agency Paper| Note: If an assignment is late, it will be subject to a 10% PER DAY deduction, no papers are accepted after four days. Read the instructions in the University of Phoenix Material: Regulatory Agency Paper, and select one option to complete the assignment. Select and complete one of the following assignments:————————————————- Option 1: Health Care Segment Agency PaperResource: Regulatory Agency Paper Grading Criteria * Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that identifies a governmental or other agency, such as JCAHO, that governs the health care industry or a particular segment of the industry. You read "Hcs430 Master" in category "Essay examples" Answer the following questions about your chosen agency: * What is the agency’s structure? * What is the organization’s effect on health care? * What is an example of the agency carrying out its duties? What regulatory authority does the agency have in relation to health care? * What is the agency’s process for accreditation, certification, and authorization? Cite at least two sources. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. ———†”————————————- Option 2: Prison Health Care Agency Paper Resource: Regulatory Agency Paper Grading CriteriaIdentify a governmental agency that regulates prison health care. Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that explains the role and impact of the agency on prison healthcare. Answer the following questions about your chosen agency: * What is the agency’s role? * What is the agency’s impact on health care? * What is an example of the agency carrying out its duties? * What regulatory authority does the agency have in relation to health care? * What is the agency’s process for accreditation, certification, and authorization? * * Cite at least two sources. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | Monday| 20| ————————————————- ———————————————— ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Three : Organizational and Professional Responsibility/Liability| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 2 3. 9 Describe the elements of negligence and intentional torts that could bring financial liability to health care organizations and individuals. 3. 10 Identify principles of agency law that impact responsibility and accountability in health care organizations. 3. 1 Describe standards of care and potential liability for health care professionals and organizations. 3. 12 Analyze appropriate ongoing risk management and quality assurance programs for health care. | | | Reading| Read the Week Three Read Me First. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 6 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 9 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation/weekly summary| Participate in class discussion. Each response should be 100+ words for substance points. The weekly summary should be 100+ words. | 4 days out of 7| 1. 00| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions, There are three DQ’s each must be between 200-300 words There will be points deducted if each DQ’s are not within the word count (200-300 words). | Wednesday, Thursday,Friday | . 75. 75. 75| Nongraded Activities and PreparationWeek Four Preparation | Begin working on the Week Four assignments. | | | Learning Team InstructionsWeekly Team Review| Review the Week Three objectives and discuss insights and questions that may have arisen. | | Learning TeamEmployee Handbook Nondiscrimination Section | Create the â€Å"Equal-employment opportunity laws† section and the â€Å"Health and safety laws† section of the employee handbook, which must be between 1,400 to 1,750 words total. Include answers to the following questions: What nondiscrimination issues must be addressed? What should the organization’s position be in response to n ondiscrimination issues? How might the nondiscrimination policy and health and safety laws impact the organization’s liability? How might the nondiscrimination policy and health and safety laws impact employees? How will you address state and federal laws regarding nondiscrimination and health and safety laws in your handbook sections? What are some ethical considerations involved in the design of these sections? What are some criminal law issues to consider in relationship to equal-employment opportunity laws and health and safety laws? What is your responsibility in regards to criminal law? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Submit the assignment. | | 10| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Four: Health Care Issues in the Relationships of Providers, Third-Party Payers, and Patients| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 3 4. 13 Describe legal issues and applicable laws that apply to and regulate managed care. 4. 14 Describe state and federal statutory and regulatory enactments relative to patients’ rights and responsibilities. 4. 15 Identify principles of patient consent and the resulting implications for the health care industry. 4. 16 Identify the status of physicians’ rights and responsibilities in the delivery of health care. | | | Reading| Read the Week Four Read Me First. | | Reading| Read Ch. 4 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 5 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation/weekly summary| Participate in class discussion. Each response should be 100+ words for substance points. The weekly summary should be 100+ words. | 4 days out of 7| 1. 00| Discussion Questi ons| Respond to weekly discussion questions, There are three DQ’s each must be between 200-300 words There will be points deducted if each DQ’s are not within the word count (200-300 words). | Wednesday, Thursday,Friday | . 4. 04. 06| Learning Team InstructionsWeekly Team Review| Review the Week Four objectives and discuss insights and questions that may have arisen. | | | Learning TeamHuman Resources Presentation Outline| Complete a slide-by-slide outline of your Human Resources Presentation using Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®. Consider the layout and the speaker’s notes for each slide in addition to the wording on the slide. Include the following in your outline: On each slide, * list the main topics. list two or three subtopics. * In the speaker’s note section, * describe the layout or appearance of the slide. nclude a brief description of the text the speaker notes will contain. | | 5| IndividualProfessional Regulation and Criminal Liability Paper| Not e: If an assignment is late, it will be subject to a 10% PER DAY deduction, no papers are accepted after four days. Research your state’s statutes that regulate health care professionals, including licensure, credentialing, certification, and registration requirements. In addition, research areas of potential criminal liability relating to these procedures, as well as professional misconduct. Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper that summarizes your findings in relation to one type of health care professional, such as a physician, nurse, pharmacist, or nurse practitioner. Include the following components: * Iidentifies state statutes that regulate health care professionals. * Relates areas of potential criminal liability to regulations, as well as professional misconduct. * Iidentifies the civil complaint process for patients or consumers to use in the event of suspected professional misconduct or incompetence. Explains the role of the respective regulatory agencies in investigating allegations and determining and applying any appropriate disciplinary action. * Identifies potential criminal liabilities for the health care professional that are related to abuses perpetrated in practices involving these procedures, as well as professional misconduct. * Describes appropriate risk management strategies and quality assurance programs to reduce the risk of liability and negligenc e. Explains the process to follow in the event that criminal charges were filed for the described criminal behavior. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | 30| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Five: Legal Issues in Information and Technology Management| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 4 5. 17 Explain the components and implications of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). 5. 18 Identify all statutory, regulatory, and common law requirements of confidentiality in the health care industry. 5. 19 Explain legal and ethical obligations relating to the documentation, retention, storage, and use of medical records. . 20 Analyze the legal and ethical implications of using technology or informatics in the health care industry. | | | Reading| Read the Week Five Read Me First. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 10 of Medical Law and Ethics. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| NONE IN THIS WEEK – Just the Zip thread for attendance| | | Discussion Questions| NONE IN THIS WEEK| | | Learning Team InstructionsLearning Team Evaluation| Submit the Learning Team Evaluation. Each team member must submit a separate copy to the instructor. | | Learning TeamHuman Resources Presentation | As senior members of the human resources team, you have been asked to give a presentation on the state of the union to the board of directors. The presentation must include past, present, and future legal issues. Create a 12- to 15-slide Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation with detailed speaker notes summarizing your findings to the board. Use complete sentences, with correct grammar and punctuation, to fully explain each slide as if you were giving an in-person presentation. In your presentation, include at least two main points for each of the following bullets:State and federal statutory and regulatory enactments related to patients’ rights and responsibilitiesCurrent principles of patient consent and the resulting implications for the health care industryThe current state and future trends of physicians’ rights and responsibilities in the delivery of health careCurrent components and implications of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Brief summary of current and future trends for statutory, regulatory, and common law requirements of confidentiality in he health care industryCurrent and future legal and ethical obligations relating to the documentation, retention, storage, and use of medical records * Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines. | | 10| ————————————————- ——à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ———————————————— ————————————————- Points for each week below: —————————†”——————- ————————————————- ————————————————- Points: ASSIGNMENT| WK 1| WK 2| WK 3| WK 4| WK 5| Participation| 0. 52| 0. 70| 1. 00| 1. 00|   | DQ 1| 0. 06| 0. 75| 0. 75| 0. 04|   | DQ 2| 0. 04| 0. 75| 0. 75| 0. 04|   | DQ 3| 0. 04| 0. 75| 0. 75| 0. 06|   | Team Dispute| 1. 00|   |   |   |   | Case Law/Individual| 10. 0|   |   |   |   | Team Charter|   | 1. 00|   |   |   | Regulatory Agency/Individual|   | 20. 00|   |   |   | Summary of Research|   | 5. 00|   |   |   | Employee Handbook|   |   | 10. 00|   |   | Regulatory/Criminal/Individual|   |   |   | 30. 00|   | Team PowerPoint|   |   |   | 5. 00|   | Team Final Project PowerPoint|   |   |   |   | 10. 00| Course point total – 100| 11. 66| 28. 95| 13. 25| 36. 14| 10. 00| Note: If an assignment is late, it will be subject to a 10% PER DAY deduction; no papers are accepted after four days. ————————————————- How to cite Hcs430 Master, Essay examples

Innovations in Education Research Methodology

Question: Discuss about the Innovations in Education Research Methodology. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the particular study is to determine the intension and willingness of the Australian students who are studying accounting regarding their future. It can also be said that the aim of this research work is to find the intension of the accounting students to join the accounting profession after the completion of their degree course or to join any other professions for their jobs (Canning and O'Dwyer 2016). Additionally, the reason for joining any other professions will also be determined in this report. Background of the study It has been found that currently the country Australia experiences slow economic growth, the industry bodies and the government of the country continues to report shortfall of qualified accountants. Therefore, in the reverse way it can be said on the basis of the gathered information that the shortfall of the qualified accountants take place in the country as most of the students who study accounting generally opt for other professions rather than accounting profession (Bonaci et al. 2013). Academic benefits Academic benefits mean the research that mainly provides insight regarding how technologies or business strategies fits affecting speed to market as well as firm performance. In this particular research study, it majorly discusses on the factors whereby current accounting graduates are willing to continue their profession in accounting stream or any other field. Industry Benefits Industry benefits explain the stage where enterprises conceptualize regarding use of new technology in accordance with time and maximization of profitability. Accounting industry has been studied for the current study whereby researchers followed the conceptual framework used by accounting profession in Australia. Preliminary Literature Review The main reason behind this is that the scope for the accountants in the country Australia is relatively less than the other countries. On the other hand, it has been found that in the country, there is demand of only experienced and qualified accountants and thus every student of the accounting do not get scope for selecting the subject accounting as their profession (Carrington et al. 2013). However, this concept of most of the accounting students has lead to decrease or shortages in the total numbers of qualified accountants in Australia. Therefore, this particular study plays an important role as the identification of the causes for choosing or not choosing the subject accounting as the profession can be better understood. Moreover, it has been found that the shortfall in the suitable and qualified accountants has allegation for national economy (Durocher, Gendron and Picard 2015). Additionally, a wide range of shareholders involving the governments of the country and the account ing profession who are counted as those people who are not skilled enough as professionals in the sector of financial services for accommodating the development. In addition to these, economic prosperity of the future is also drove by the professional and experienced accountants. Thus, the research study on the particular topic is an essential factor. Objectives of the study The objectives of the study help the researcher to focus on the main issues related to the research topic and guides to resolve the issues. In the particular report, the objectives of the researcher are: To critically analyze the intension of the accounting students studying in Australian University showing interest in accounting profession as their career option or other professions as the same time. To evaluate the causes due to which the accounting students of Australia prefer more to opt for the other professions in comparison to the accounting profession. To bring out the potential concepts behind decline in the professional accounting in the Australia Scope of the study The professional accounting bodies are generally operated in a competitive world and thus are understandably preoccupied by the retention of the membership and their recruitment. Therefore, it can be said that the scope for the students studying accounting in their degree course is much less. Thus, it has been found that most of the students studying accounting opt for other professionals rather than accounting (Griffin and Wright 2015). However, this concept has reduced or has brought shortages in the qualified and experienced accountants in the country. Thus, this particular study plays a vital role for the betterment of the society. Research Method In order to understand the usage of statistical data, it is important in understanding regarding the experimental design on how a research conducts particular investigation. There are two types of Research methods used by the researchers namely Quantitative Data Collection and Qualitative Data Collection (Mackey and Gass 2015). Statistics is a tool that helps in answering the research questions. It requires understanding of methodology for facilitating understanding of basic statistics. In this particular research, researchers make use of Quantitative Data Collection Method such as Questionnaire Survey. The current segment uses primary sources of data collection by using questionnaire survey. In this data collection, researchers will be preparing questionnaire that will consist of questions regarding Accounting students studying in Australia has intention in working as accounting profession or any other profession (Billig and Waterman 2014). Questions will be asked from the Australia n students, as they are the individuals who can exactly answer the above situation. Questionnaire Survey will be major instrument used by the researcher by asking question to 100 full and part time students who are currently studying in final year of Bachelor of Business Accounting Degree offered by Australian University. Questions are even asked from 50 Alumni or part students of the same Australian University who completed part time or full time basis for the degree Bachelor of Business Accountancy for the year 2015 and 2016. In Australia, Bachelor of Business in Accountancy degree is a four-year full time course involving three year of work experience. It also includes 6-year part time programs for designing ways for meeting the academic entry requirements to professional accounting bodies especially in Australia. It requires concentrating on the person who was currently selecting accounting profession as a career option (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014). The major key attrib utes differentiates the selection of profession affiliation as revealed in the research project. Final data collected from Questionnaire survey will be analyzed by using Excel spreadsheet for calculation and representing by Bar graphs, pie charts and line graphs according to the respondents. Data will be analyzed by using appropriate tools as well as techniques after testing the attributes affecting these discrete choices. Questionnaire Development will be composed of two vital sections. The first section will comprise of Questionnaire representing the respondent information on a range of attributes showing the importance in differentiating as well as selecting affiliation of a professional accounting body. This will aim at bringing the objective for exploring the potential differentiating attributes in and across the Australian locations by listing professional accounting bodies. It will be identified by using publicly available sources such as media publications as well as websites. These secondary sources of information will uses in this particular research by the researcher. The second part of the Questionnaire will be used for soughing out demographic attribute information like Gender, Campus Location as well as Area of Employment and Mode of Study (Flick 2015). Any provision for additional comments will be included in this particular question as used by the researcher. Expected Results After the research has been conducted, it will be easy in understanding the reason behind why Accounting Students studying in Australia have an intention in possessing career in Accounting Profession than any other profession (Bloomfield et al. 2015). In order to understand, results can be gained by conducting Questionnaire survey method and asking questions to the students who are currently studying in Australian University. Milestones Main Activities 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th and 5th Week 6th Week 7th Week Selection of Topic for Research Proposal "Whether the current Accounting students in Australia have the intention to join accounting profession after completing their degree or are they going to join other professions for jobs and Why?" Aim of the study Objective of the study Scope of the study Research Method Primary sources of data collection such as Questionnaire Survey Expected Research Submission of Research Proposal References Billig, S.H. and Waterman, A.S. eds., 2014.Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge. Bloomfield, M.J., Brggemann, U., Christensen, H.B. and Leuz, C., 2015.The Effect of Regulatory Harmonization on Cross-border Labor Migration: Evidence from the Accounting Profession(No. w20888). National Bureau of Economic Research. Blumberg, B.F., Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S., 2014.Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Bonaci, C., Strouhal, J., Mllerov, L. and Roub?kov, J., 2013. Corporate Governance Debate on Professional Ethics in Accounting Profession.Central European Business Review,2(3), pp.30-35. Canning, M. and O'Dwyer, B., 2016. Institutional work and regulatory change in the accounting profession.Accounting, Organizations and Society,54, pp.1-21. Carrington, T., Johansson, T., Johed, G. and hman, P., 2013. An empirical test of the hierarchical construct of professionalism and managerialism in the accounting profession.Behavioral Research in Accounting,25(2), pp.1-20. Durocher, S., Gendron, Y. and Picard, C.F., 2015. Waves of Global Standardization: Small Practitioners' Resilience and Intra-Professional Fragmentation within the Accounting Profession.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(1), pp.65-88. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Griffin, P.A. and Wright, A.M., 2015. Commentaries on Big Data's importance for accounting and auditing.Accounting Horizons,29(2), pp.377-379. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.

Vipers Tangle free essay sample

Symbols a. Vipers Tangle * Hatred of his children * Desire for revenge * Love of money * Refusal to seek beyond those entangled vipers b. Spring * The Spring signals Louis happiness. . He was so happy when a woman came to love him in the person of Isa but it took more than half a century before he experienced that same happiness that he had after his marriage. How strange it is that, at those beginnings of life when a little appiness is handed out to us, there is no voice which warns us this first spring on which you have stumbled is also the last. Quench your thirst, once and for all; you shall not drink again. c. Summer when he passes by the drawing room * This signals his transformation. One hot summer on August 1896, he was again trying to win his children in hand again. d. Rain / Hail * The rain has always been regarded as the symbol for rebirth and in last chapter of the 1st part, Louis realizes that its never too late for them to begin their lives again and that unconsciously, he starts to accept Gods grace. We will write a custom essay sample on Vipers Tangle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This becomes vident after Isas death when he talked to Genevieve and Hubert where he felt that his hatred and passion for revenge went dead and that he looks forward to being with his children for the first time. e. Maries death * The only child for whom he ever felt true love, Marie, died young. Like Christs sacrificial death on the cross, Marie died for her Papa to redeem him. We can infer that had Marie did not die young and Luc went missing, Louis would Just have his eyes on his two most beloved and would never see the path to Gods saving grace. E. Theme * sin vs. grace * Gods grace is accessible to anyone. Even the most miserly old sinner like Louis who strips himself of all his old illusions as he prepares for his inevitable end. Taking a cold, hard look at his life, and at the consequences of his meanness and solipsism, Louis begins to understand how a deliberate self-deception has shaped his life for ill, not for good. We are presented with a malevolent old man on his deathbed; the authors case is simply this: no one is beyond the reach of Gods grace. Without romanticizing Louis, Mauriac expresses the tragedy of a wasted life, the tragedy of a man who has closed himself off from a community of love to wallow in is own despair. Louis is sinned against as well as sinning, but he reserves many of his harshest Judgments for himself. He is honest, not hypocritical, and he often turns his cruelty inwards. But Gods grace reached him even though the members of his family are lukewarm Christians who spied upon his actions and whom he himself tormented. At fault, they have been driving him to despair and blinding his eyes to the light of truth. F. Salient Features of French Literature present in the Novel f. Individualism is more glorified * Louis has accustomed himself to despising those around him, to closing himself ff from affection, to becoming the monster so many take him to be, almost as a duty rather than a compulsion. He confesses that my passion for possession, and for using and abusing what I possess, extends to human beings. * He compelled his mother to knock down the mud huts where their farm laborers had lived He even dreamt of using Marinette to make Isa suffer, as a form of revenge. Moreover, he is fond of portraying himself as someone cruel, even to his children. He is full of hatred for his family and loves it when he annoys them. * He hates religion and does not believe in God day of penitence; that if the time of his death, he comes to accept the ministry of a priest, he protests in advance so that he could prev ent any abuse of his mental or physical weakness and also because his reason rejects it. For him, no metaphysical idea was attached to the Mass every Sunday; that it was Just a form of worship of a class and a body of ritual lacking any significance other than social and that priests are persons in disguise, masqueraders. With these, it can be said that promotes exercise of his goals and desires while opposing most external interference by the family, a group or institution or by the ociety. g. Clear Manifestation of Artistic Reality * Mauriac artistically laid out the plot for the readers, as well as the real life experiences that he made his characters go through: * Love for land and money dies * Louis has passion for land and money * Louis children only think about the inheritance that they could get as he * Sinning * Louis keeps torturing Isa and his children through his indifference He is filled with anger, hatred and greed in his heart

Setting Your Freelance Writing Fees

Setting Your Freelance Writing Fees Setting Your Freelance Writing Fees Setting Your Freelance Writing Fees By Colin One of the most difficult things for a freelance writer is deciding what rate to charge for jobs. When working for oneself, it’s not as simple as setting a price and sticking to it rigidly for every client that comes along; there are things to consider, and all kinds of worries involved. Setting your own fees also brings with it a new worry that may never have been considered when you first decided you wanted to be a freelance writer – negotiation. This subject, however, is too big for this article, so I’ll cover it later. Meanwhile, here are some of the things to consider when deciding what fees to charge for your writing. What’s The Gig About? Its vitally important that you understand the full remit of a project, so you can provide an accurate quote for the work involved. The key questions to ask, if you haven’t been told beforehand, are: Type of work: is it an article, sales letter, press release, e-book, or a review? What the job is will greatly affect the charges imposed, because a 1000 word article for a golfing website will not normally pay as high as a 1000 word quality sales letter for a large company. Word/page restriction: how much writing does the client expect for his money? The more words or pages, the higher the fee. Deadline: always make sure you know when the client expects the work. If the project length is too short, tell him. Don’t put yourself under pressure to get work out when you know you will struggle to produce your usual standard. If a client insists on a short deadline, factor it into your price and your contract. How Much Knowledge/Experience Do I Have? Specialist writers will likely have got the job because they are specialists. They can charge a higher rate compared with someone who is relatively new to the field and writing the same material. The more knowledge you have, the more you can write, and to an editor that means longevity. To a writer that means a pleasant and regular rate. Having more experience in a topic can be a selling point, so make sure you let the client know this when you are applying, and as such, gauge your fee against your level of experience. Who Will Own The Rights? Often overlooked, the issue of rights for a piece of work can vary the charge quite significantly. Basically, when you sell a piece, you are selling the rights that go along with it, and the more rights you sell, the higher the rate you can charge. Some clients may wish to try and avoid making extra payments for a full rights purchase, and some may not, mainly because so many writers forget or undertake work un-contracted, it is simply not mentioned. Will There Be Significant Research Required? Never overlook research when calculating a fee, especially if it is for a project that will require hours of reading, material preparation, or even travel. While you are browsing the Internet or sitting in a library, you are lose out financially if you make your quote based on output, and not by the hour. Are There Any Other Expenses? Other expenses can include everything from traveling costs, postage costs, courier costs, or making phone calls. Expenses can build up quickly so never underestimate their importance, and always look to get your charges for this type of thing built into your contract. Whats The Going Rate? As you can see from the above, there is much that can alter a charge for a project. There is no set standard, and the rate one freelancer may charge for a piece of work, may differ to another. To get a feel of what is going on in the market place, and how you fit into it, it won’t do any harm to research what your peers are charging. There are various places to gather information, and gauge a suitable level of compensation for your work, and dependent on your experience. Writing Books: Check your local book store or online, as there are literally hundreds of books available for freelance writers. The Writers’ and Artists Yearbook is one of the best. Unions: In the UK the NUJ (National Union of Journalists) is a great source of advice and information. Freelance Writing Websites: There’s no shortage of websites on the Internet where a freelance writer can research what the going rate for a project is. Also check the job boards and see if there is a ball park figure you can live with. Writers’ Forums: A good forum can be a great place to ask for advice. You can also make great contacts for the future. All of this may be surplus to requirements if the publication or client you have applied to has set the payment schedule in advance. If this is the case, evaluate what you would expect to charge for a certain piece of work, and gauge it against what is on offer. If he is offering too low a fee, walk away or negotiate. Convince him of your worth, but remember, fees are based on a number of economic factors as well as what the client is looking to get in return. If he offers too high a fee in your opinion, accept the job immediately! Don’t Flinch The important thing to remember when setting your fees is to never flinch. Don’t begin with fees that are too large, because raising them is an expected part of business, whereas lowering them is a sign of weakness and lack of confidence. Always remember that you are the expert, and your expertise comes at a price. As with all businesses, you get what you pay for, and while smaller clients might be more cautious, you should never flinch from your charges once you have set them out. Confidence in your abilities gives clients confidence in you, and they will generally meet your fees. The Gut Feeling Factor All of the above is subject to scrutiny, debate, personal opinion, experience, self-confidence, and the Gut Feeling Factor. By that I mean some things may alter your approach to setting fees on an individual basis. For example, a client may present themselves with a poor project they would like you to work on, but with the promise of great work down the line. Or you may get a sense that a new client has connections it would be worth working with them. In both cases you may calculate your fee higher or lower, depending on what you feel is appropriate. Things to consider if you get the Gut Feeling Factor are: How much exposure to other potential markets can the client offer? Is there potential for an on-gong relationship? How do you feel about the contact you have had so far? Do you think you will enjoy the work? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowBody Parts as Tools of Measurement40 Idioms with First

Ethical dilema Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical dilema - Research Paper Example Moral dilemmas have different origins and depend on the source, they can be classified as those from moral uncertainty, self-imposed, world imposed and those that are prohibitory in nature (Garber 29). Given the nature of the moral dilemma, one can take a position regarding the situation that will present itself to him and opt to defend the action with other morals but the fact remains that the explanation cannot be fully construed to be a justification of the action. It can only be considered just as a better explanation that can be considered the best next alternative forgone. The Moral Dilemma I have been involved in a difficult situation of ethical dilemma in which pitched me in a very precarious situation in making a decision. This was necessitated by the advent of emails that has really created new grounds for ethical dilemma regarding information access and the corresponding privacy. It is a common knowledge that accessing someone’s email without their consent is in its elf infringing on the person right to privacy and that itself is a violation of regulation in most of the places that equally prohibits illegal access to ones mails. This is the situation that I found myself in and I had to make a decision out of the tricky situation. For a brief period, one of the major Casinos hired me to be one of their data analysts and I had to work alongside others in the Casino regarding the work that I was to be doing. In the Casino, I made a friendship with some of the employees in the Casino that I use to work with, in the department of data analysis; we became friends that we did most of the things together and openly riding on the absolute trust that we have built for quite a period. One of the principal regulations that we undertook to during the acceptance of the contract is that no engaging in the gambling process as an employee of the Casino, particularly those involved in the data analysis. This was particularly such because we used to work for the data and that engaging in gambling would lead to direct conflicts of interest (Garber 31). The same Casino has a very stringent policy regarding privacy of mails and personal information and encroaching into a fellow employee’s personal information is not tolerated. Most importantly again is the fact that the management of the Casino is very strict about deadlines that if it passes you become liable for any los that might be incurred. On a certain day, I was engaged in a certain project that was very critical to the company before the 6pm and it was past normal working hours, all the employees had left. I later realized that some of the critical data I needed for the completion of the work were in Tony’s computer (Tony is a colleagues in the work place). I then decided to log into my friends computer so that I can send myself the data again into my computer and proceed with the project to completion given its criticality, though I knew that it was wrong to access an em ployee’s system without his consent. I did log into the account and sent the part of the data that I needed but before I could log out, I saw a mail that Tony has been exchanging with others over gambling process and read the email (Garber 33). After reading the message, it was clear the Tony was engaging in the gambling process against the company’s requirement as a data analyst and t would be disastrous for him to be found

Minority Transfer in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Minority Transfer in California - Essay Example Historically, jobs offered to minorities did not require a four-year college education. Secondly, the four-year institutions were not interested in receiving minorities as students from two-year colleges. The four -year institutions mainly targeted students with Advanced Placement. This majority-minority demography who desire and need higher education is hitting colleges and universities. This maintained a two-tier system with an underlying aspect of white supremacy. In California, where 60 percent of K-12 scholars consist of minority groups, only 65-75 percent enrolls in the community colleges. According to reports, only 17 percent Latinos and 19 percent African-American scholars intending to enroll to a four- year institution manage to do so. This system locked out many of the minority students as it is different. Technical course credits were not transferable, and students could not get fee waivers. However, recommendations to revise the old transfer policies are in place (Chau 1) . Statistics indicates that, by 2025, there will be a shortage of degree holders in California. Analyses also indicate that students performing poorly in high schools transfer to community colleges and perform poorly too. ... Poorly prepared students rarely transfer. The report encourages low-performing high schools to help the students realize the challenges of developmental education (Chau 1). Racism is a noticeable aspect within the community colleges. Minority students registered less than 20 percent of all the transfers recorded in colleges. This has necessitated actions aimed at educational reform. Stakeholders involved have come together in order to streamline the system. Civil Rights Project, in its report, recommends dual-enrollment programs, which will provide a better transition between the high schools and colleges, thus expanding programs meant for college readiness. They also recommend simpler transfer processes with credit transfer uniformity. The report also indicated that colleges offering financial incentives would improve on the transfer rates. Some of the colleges have already started implementing the report (Chau 1). In January 1998, Proposition 209 terminated racism segregation in pu blic colleges and universities in the state of California. The Proposition refers to the ban on preferential treatment in learning institutes. Proposition 209 defines new diversity guidelines issued by the Justice and Education departments. Institutions find it difficult to enroll and retain historically under-represented minority (URM) youth. The number of African American and Hispanic scholars drastically dropped at four-year institutions after the year 1998. The University of California has embraced proposition 209. It has diversified efforts and developed a program that reviews the application to incorporate the barriers students have put under control. This has led to the creation of Eligibility in the Local Context program (ELC), to assist in increasing

Thematic Independent Study Of Recruitment Proposal Form Management Essay

Thematic Independent Study Of Recruitment Proposal Form Management Essay The title of essay one is Impact of ICT on recruitment and selection. The aim of this report is to identify traditional methods of recruitment and how they have been revolutionized by the emergence of the Internet. In the past few years, the Internet has dramatically changed the face of HR recruitment and the ways organizations think about the recruiting function. Presently, Information Communication Technologies (ICT), which provide enabling technologies to assist Human Resources (Hers) professionals in the delivery of services, have also simultaneously increased the expectations that employees, managers, customers, and regulators have for the HR functions. The feedback I received from essay one is that Internet recruitment is viewed as an important additional tool and traditional methods are continued to be used in recruiting process. The pros of e-recruitment were to identify and reach large of qualified candidates advertise with dispersed location, provide cost effective method, save the recruiting process time and increase image of organizations. The cons of e-recruitment were the discrimination issue forward to Internet non-user, difficult to recruit executive-level talents on the Internet, the digital divide gap between computer literate and illiterate and the risk of overload of resumes. Analysis of Viva process: The viva process went very well and that was after I submitted my both essays to my supervisor. When it came to the Viva (oral defense), I really wanted to do it well. I spent quite more than enough time preparing the viva in the way that I have seen others make similar preparations. After having been informed that I will be required to defend my second essay, I decided that a good presentation comes from good planning and having at hand all the information that anyone might request, so I spent a long time in the preparation and I went feeling confident. As soon as I arrived at the conference where the presentation was taking place, I became nervous when I realized they were all waiting for me to speak and my nerves made me tremble. I did not know how to stop it. later on, I noticed that panelists seemed not to understand what I was saying despite all the preparations I had made. I suddenly calmed myself down, and in no minutes time I found myself flowing and everybody in the room un derstood I had gained momentum. I did it so well and this happened when I decided talking more slowly without trembling. It was interesting because everyone saw a change in my attitude after a very short time, and from there, I personally started seeing things differently. I regained sufficient confidence and was able to discuss matters in greater depth, thus, I felt more positive until the end of the Viva. Title of essay and aim: The title of essay two is Impact of ICT on recruitment and selection, and the main question is whether E-recruitment is an efficient tool for recruitment, and analyzing how beneficial e-recruitment is to organizations implementing it. The aim of this paper was to: Identify what e-recruitment methods are being used, and what are experiences of organizations trying to implement e-recruitment. Establish how organizations are evaluating the success of their e-recruitment initiatives, and establish the level of success being experienced This paper will help to establish a baseline on the use of e-recruitment by organizations, thereby enabling the on-going monitoring of progress and developments in this area. How essay 2 builds on essay 1 Essay two builds on essay one by analyzing the benefits of e-recruitment to organizations implementing it. However, e-recruitment is an efficient method of recruitment due to a number of reasons, most notably for cost reduction, increases the efficiency of the process, reduce time to hire and provide access to a larger and more diverse candidate pool. The most notable benefits reported by organizations having introduced e-recruitment are the cost savings, which have mainly been due to reduced advertising cost, a reduction in the resources required to process applications and a reduction in recruitment agency costs. Other benefits include more efficient management of communication with candidates and the ability to easily report on key performance metrics as a result of internet based tracking systems. It also shows that online recruitment is an improvement but cannot totally replace the traditional recruitment. Thus, increased use of e-recruitment methods and systems is helping to facilitate this trend by removing much of the routine administration involved in recruiting allowing HR to more easily monitor and track recruitment related activities. What I did well or could have done better: What I did well was planning and researching. I came up with really good research based on what I had planned. The communication and listening skills I acquired during the course made me to respond to questions very well and with full confidence. I gathered all the materials and data that I wanted, compiled it before coming up with the final report. Though during report writing, I was not sure whether I was going the right direction as far as the flow was concerned. I kept doing what I thought was right from my own perspective. What I learned: I have learned that planning and preparing for a Viva does not guarantee someone from trembling, but makes you have the information you need at hand. I also noticed how important it is to go back over things I have written about before presenting, for this could make me familiar with what I had written down. There were things I did not know at the time of questions and answer session, and I recognized there were some areas in which I went wrong. This made me realize that the panelists did not understand what I was saying. I have learned that I was not confident enough to present what I had prepared for. I need to think from the beginning about the process of giving a good Viva, as well as being sure about my reliance on what I have prepared/planned in order to have the best Viva. Conclusion: In order to prepare a good Viva or any presentation, good planning is required as well as doing enough research (have enough information at hand). On top of planning, being confident is another important aspect that can lead a person to present a good Viva. If I was confident enough, I am sure I would not have trembled and my oral defense would have been perfectly done from the time I entered the room. I, therefore, would like to encourage students to make sure they have full confidence in mind before attempting any presentation, which for my case was an oral defense (Viva). Mind maps Essays 1 2 Impact of ICT on Recruitment and Selection TIS Essay 1 Introduction Definitions of terms Human Resources information Systems Recruitment methods Traditional Recruitment methods E-recruitment Advantages of E-recruitment Disadvantages of E-recruitment Selection tools for Recruitment Assessment Centers Internet Testing Psychometric Tests Aptitude and Ability Tests Technologies used in Recruitment and Selection Internet Boards Resume Database and Applicant Tracking Technology Online Testing and Assessments Combined Technologies assisting the recruiting and selection process Conclusion TIS Essay 2 Introduction E-recruitment Technology The rise of E-recruitment Personalizing the process The application process Applicant Tracking System Screening Testing Role of Recruiting Agencies Benefits of online recruitment over traditional recruitment Problems/Risks/Limitations of online recruitment Management of information and validation of online recruitment systems Recommendations Conclusion Database Time Spent Search Terms Results (# of records) Evaluation of material (how/what will it contribute to your essay or support your argument?) Grout J and Perrin S Recruiting Excellence: An Insiders Guide to Sourcing Top Talent (McGraw Hill, 2002) ISBN 0077099680 10 Recruitment and Selection Arundhati Ghosh, Junior Faculty Member, E- Recruitment: The Recent Trend of Recruitment Practices, Icfai National College, Garia, Kolkata 10 Impact of ICT on Recruitment and Selection http://www.ehow.com/about_5463606_technologies-used-recruitment-selection.html 10 Technologies used in recruitment and Selection, Get to know technologies used in Recruitment and Selection, and their impact to HR functions (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() Recruitment and Selection Get definitions for Selection and Recruitment http://www.recruitmentcareers.co.uk/Selection-tools-for-recruitment-jobs.htm 20 Selection tools for recruitment Identify selection tools and what they do. Journal10 Personnel Today (Reed Business Information) are a useful journal which often has up-to-date and relevant articles on selection and recruitment practice. 20 Lai, V.S. and Mahapatra, R.K. (1997): Exploring the Research in Information Technology Implementation, Information and Management, Vol.32 pp.187-201. 20 Information technology implementation CIPD (2005) Online Recruitment, [online] (cited 7 December 2005) Available fromhttp://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/recruitmen/onlnrcruit/onlrec.htm?IsSrchRes=1 20 Online recruitment Advantages and disadvantages of E-recruitment http://www.hr-guide.com/data/G318.htm 10 Assessment centres What assessment centers are and what they do Database Time Spent Search Terms Results (# of records) Evaluation of material (how/what will it contribute to your essay or support your argument?) www.onrec.com 12 The growth of E-recruitment Statistics showing how e-recruitment has grown www.hrmguide.co.uk/recruitment/introduction_to_online_recruitment.htm 13 Introduction to online recruitment www.jobsgopublic.com 18 Survey of Disability Discrimination in Employment www.personneltoday.com Flexibility is vital for the future of web recruitment http://www2.monster.ie/casestudy/ibm 15 IBM case study http://www.taleo.com/research/pdf/TaleoResearch_Global500_03_Report.pdf, 20 Website recruiting Recruiting survey Lievens F., Harris M. M. (2003) Research on Internet Recruiting and Testing: International review of Industrial and organizational Psychology, Vol. 18, John Wiley and Sons. 10 Internet recruiting and Testing Bartram D. (2001). Testing through the internet: Mapping the issues for managing the future. A practitioner workshop. Practitioner forum at the Division of Occupational Psychology Conference, Winchester, UK. 20 Testing through the Internet Leavy N., Canny M., Heywood S., Parker B., (2005). Catching talent with the Web; The Impact of an Online Application Process on Candidate Pools paper presented at the Psychological society of Ireland Conference, Derry, Northern Ireland 20 The impact on online application process Kerrin M., Kettley P. (2003). E-recruitment: is it delivering? The Institute for Employment Studies, Report number 402. 20 Is E-recruitment delivering? Wolfe H. Hartley V. (2005). The changing role of Recruitment intermediaries, the Institute for Employment Studies, Report 420. 12 Changing role of recruitment intermediaries Nigel Fielding, Raymond M. Lee, Grant Blank.(2008) The SAGE handbook of online research methods P274, SAGE Publications Ltd 10 Online research methods

Mary Anne Warrens The Abortion Issue Essay -- Abortion Issue Mary War

Mary Anne Warren’s â€Å"The Abortion Issue† In Mary Anne Warren’s â€Å"The Abortion Issue,† children are not persons in the empirical sense. Warren believes that prior to a certain point in a pregnancy, the child does not have â€Å"the capacity to understand† the ramifications of what an abortion would be, therefore the abortion does not infringe upon the rights of the unborn fetus. She states that: â€Å"†¦in the ways that matter from a moral point of view, human fetuses are very unlike human persons, particularly in their early months of development†(152). In essence, personhood as defined by Warren can only come after the first trimester. Before that time, the fetus does not have the sentience that would make it a person. Warren’s main criteria for what makes a person will be considered first, then we will move on to her argument on sentience, and the differences she notes between a fetus and an infant. As she states in her paper, there are five main categories that empirically place something as a person. They include sentience, or conscious behavior, such as awareness of our surroundings, rationality: the ability to respond according to what affects us, self-concept: the ability to understand what we are, self-motivated behavior: the planning and carrying out of our own beliefs and thoughts beyond how we are externally affected, and linguistic capacity, or the use of a system to convey messages. Warren does not raise the answers to already obvious arguments when considering these ...

Adolescence: Developmental Psychology and Social Work Practice

Module Title: Human Growth and Behaviour. Assessment Title: What are the advantages and disadvantages of viewing behaviour through the life-span perspective for social practise? ADOLESCENCE The author’s aim is to outline the advantages as well as disadvantages in adolescence behaviour and human development processes across people life span, and particular adolescence. This essay will look at the different models, theories of social work and the factors that may have influence social work practice.The physical, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental and politico-economical are the factors that Bowlby (1999), Erikson (1995), Freud and Piaget (1977) have mentioned in their theories and the author will explore, discuses and examine them. The factors and the theories are numerous to cover in the essay of this size, and with this in mind the author is looking at examining same of them very briefly and same more in depth. In the first part, the author will cover human developme nt through the life span. The reasons why knowledge and understanding of human development throughout the life course are important to social work practice.The author will also outline the importance of our own personal values, and the impact that these may have on social work practice. Understanding the impact of transactions within a person’s life course is important for social work practice in order to understand other people’s lives. However, it is important to remember that although people may experience the same life event, their response to the situation and the decisions that they make will differ. Deferent people have different perceptions of what is happening to them as they move through transitions in their lives.Their response and learning from it might be very different from one individual to the other. For example, one may have enjoyed school, another tolerated it or hated it. Social workers need to recognise in working with people the different transitio ns and may use them as an opportunity in helping the service users to grow, change, or develop. Of course, there are numbers of different perspectives that could be taken into account of how we develop into who ‘we are’. That is why the author will look at some ideas and theories from biology, sociology, psychology, and their assumptions of what influences they may have on human life.Firstly, the author will look at two theories and try to explain the individual’s behaviour namely, ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’. (Crawford, 2003) The nature viewpoint believes that our genes predetermine who we are and the characteristics we have are inherited, for example people’s physical appearance etc. The problem with this believes is that it suggests that the change is impossible, we are who we are and there is nothing we can do about it. The danger in this thinking is the stereotyping people, and thus supporting prejudice and oppression.On the other hand, the nurture’s viewpoint argues that the environment, and the way we are brought up influence our development, giving the evidence in patterns of family behaviour, for example, introverted or extroverted family members. Again, there is a danger in stereotyping people thus contributing towards oppression. (Crawford, 2003) A sociological approach explains human identity by examining the interactions between people and society in which they live. It explores the different classes of society starting from wide perspective then looking at them and the influence it may have on the individuals. (Giddens, 2001)Physiological approach explains human development by examining the physical development and genetic make-up, for example, biological theories explain a child’s growth and development, concentrating on characteristics inherited from biological family. (Crawford, 2003) Psychology is a discipline, which studies people their thoughts, feelings and emotions. There are m any different theories the most relevant to the subject are the developmental psychology and psychosocial theory. Developmental psychology has an approach of how people develop across life course, by exploring their thoughts, feelings and behaviours (Aronson, 2005).Piaget (1977) the author of cognitive development theory believed that the child seeks to understand and adopt into the environment. In doing so, the child undertakes certain actions as it moves through stages of development. Another approach to understand the human life course from a developmental psychology perspective is presented trough theories that focus on behaviour and how behaviour and actions influence our learning. (Piaget, 1977) Skinner’s (1953) behaviourism explained human development as the acquisition of behaviourism that is learned through responses to experiences.Skinner did not see the individual’s thoughts or conscious mind as influencing their behaviours, but rather behaviour as a respons e controlled by the rewards or punishments in the individual’s environment. (Skinner, 1953) Albert Bandura (1977) also emphasised in his social learning theory the importance of behaviour and the environment, but he saw cognition or thoughts as being a significant factor in the person’s development. Therefore, the social learning theories consider the influence of values, beliefs, self-determination, emotions and thought on the learning process.Psychosocial theories arise from a combination of two perspectives psychology and sociology disciplines. David Howe describes psychosocial as being created by the interplay between the individual’s psychological condition and the social environment (Howe, 1998) Erik Erikson (1995) in his model of life stage development saw people building their identity as they move through ‘crisis’ points in their lives. Each person moving through stages by moral excellence, however the successful progression through each st age, by negotiation of the particular ‘crisis’ to a positive outcome, ensures healthy development (Erikson, 1995)All these theories explain human development as being largely dependent upon the impact of the environment, social and cultural influences. They can be criticised or appreciated for their strengths and weaknesses in the way they explain and describe certain aspects of development. For example, Jean’s Piaget’s (1977) theory of cognitive development could be considered as one of the most comprehensive and logical in helping to understand children’s mental development. However, Piaget’s (1977) theory is not as useful in understanding how life events and challenges influence growth and development in adulthood. Piaget, 1977) For this area of life, course development Erikson’s model of life stage development is more likely to be relevant. (Erikson, 1995) The human life can be very complex, influenced by interactions of biological , social, psychological and environmental factors. It is therefore, very important to appreciate a range of theories from across disciplines. It may not be possible for anyone’s theory to explain all aspects of human life and its development. Taking one approach would lead to one aspect of someone’s life leaving the other aspects of the person’s ignored (Adams, 2003).The author believes that each of the models and theories introduced within this essay are valuable to our understanding of human development through the life span. Social workers need to develop an understanding of these theories from a range of disciplines in order to take holistic approach in their practice. Very important aspects of social work practice are assessments, planning, intervention and reviews. Parker (2003) describes a number of aids and activities that social workers may use when gathering and analysing information as they make assessments with service users. (Parker, 2003)Before mov ing on more deeply to adolescence, the author will briefly look at the importance of childhood and the implications that it has on adolescence, and the rest of life. One of the most important parts of social worker practice is empowering people to be actively involved in processes and decisions that affect their lives. Social workers need to develop this skill as well as other skills like communication and listening to help those who are unable to speak or express themselves. The right of children to have their voices heard has been enshrined in an international treaty, the convention on the Rights of Children (1999).The Convention on the Rights of Children 1991 is a universally agreed set of standards and obligations in relation to the basic human rights that all children have – without discrimination Grant (1991). Early relationships are often viewed by theorists as having a critical role in the person’s emotional well being throughout their life. Attachment theory i nvolves the study of relationships, in particularly early relationships of infants and children. ( Lindon, 1998) Attachment by Lindon (1998) is described as a positive emotional link between two people (a link of affection).The original concept of attachment has been attributed to the studies of John Bowlby (Howe, 1999). He believed that the source development of personality lay in early childhood and that any trauma of failure in these early relationships could permanently shape the development of the child’s personality thus have a great impact on adult’s life. Dozens of studies shown that children rated as securely attached to their mother in infancy are later more sociable, and more positive in their behaviour towards friends and family.They are less dependent on people, less aggressive and disruptive, more empathetic and more emotionally mature in their interactions in school and other settings. Adolescents are also more socially skilled, have friendships that are more intimate, are more likely to be rated as leaders, and have higher self-esteem and better grades Bee (2002). Attachment theory also provides a sophisticated set of ideas for making sense of people’s feelings and behaviours. (Lindon, 1998)) Adolescence in Latin, adolescere means ‘to grow up’ it usually starts with the physical changes associated with puberty, which begin the physical changes to the body. Carlson, 2000) Whilst these are important, there are other critical processes of development: ‘self’ and the search for identity, the development of relationships, for example with friends, and very important changing nature of relationships within families, that are a central feature of this period of an individual’s life. It is a time of not only biological changes but also, psychological and social. Adolescence as a period of life is often seen as a whole period of transition, the transition from childhood to adulthood, probably the mos t challenging and difficult period of life in terms of development (Herbert, 2002).All adolescence confronts the some development tasks – adjusting to changes in their bodies and the challenge of their developing sexuality and new ways of thinking, as they strive for their own identity, emotional maturity and independence. Consequently, relationships, particularly with the family, will be subject to adoption and change. However, the timing of these changes varies between individuals, influenced by such things as gender, genes and culture (Ackerman, 1958). Adolescence as a period of development maybe considered for a range of different perspectives that focus on biological, psychological and social aspects of development. Davies, 1997) Biological development in adolescence is associated with a whole range of physical changes. Puberty is the period of rapid changes that occur as the person moves from childhood and begins adolescence. Hormones affect every aspect of growth and d evelopment and the level of certain hormones rises naturally during adolescence, primarily causing increased sexual interest and mood swings Numbers of physical changes take place, for example a rapid acceleration in growth and weight. (Bee, 2002) Social development in adolescence is a period of transitions from being a child into being an adult.Adolescents seek greater independence from their parent’s relationships moving more towards their peer relationships (Sugerman, 2001). The peer group and the friendship within it play very important part not only in sharing inner feeling and secrets but also in the development of the individual’s identity, changes in our self-concept and self-image. It provides new ways of thinking about problems, values and relationships. It gives the opportunity to think about themselves and the person they are becoming (Erikson, 1995). Erikson (1995) recognised this as the critical crisis of adolescence in the eight stages of development.He believed that the successful resolution of this depends on how the individual resolved the previous crisis of childhood. This period is critical in making sense of the future. Erikson (1995) believed the key to this is the interactions with peers, families, institutions, especially school, society and so on. Erikson(1995) also suggests that the search for identity is ongoing process during adolescence. He says that they may adopt identity based on parents or society they live in, or opposite to that in which the adolescent adopts rebellious, negative stereotype.There can be a situation where a child does not know or care for their identity may explore different alternatives without making any choices. Another one may achieve their identity through assimilation of the experiences and the future plans. Two important parts of identity in social context are gender and ethnicity. Few studies had explored the issue of possible gender differences in relation to social context, with no tren ds apparent. In sum, there has been little evidence of gender differences regarding questions of identity structure or developmental process (Adams, 2003).For young people who are not part of a dominant cultural group, there is concern to establish their cultural identity. They must develop a sense of individual identity and ethnic identity that includes self-identification as a member of their specific group, commitment to that group and its values and attitudes (Bee, 2002). For some young people from an ethnic minority group this may be an issue. However, the critical issue is the decisions they may have to make in operating in a culture of racism and in dealing with negative and racist situation.As a social worker, we need to make sure that our practice is anti-racist and anti-discriminatory with promotion of positive images of people from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Moving on to the end of this piece of work the author will look at the complexity of human life in context of sexual exploration, usage of substances and some of major events and their influences upon adolescence life. Herbert (2002) says that homosexual and lesbian experimentation are ordinary in adolescence however longer term attraction to the some sex or both sexes is reported in fewer than 10 per cent of the population.The way of how others see ‘us’ and think of ‘us’ is of vital importance to the way ‘we’ perceive ‘ourselves’ – our self image. This has particular bearing on how adolescents deal with their dawning realisation of the permanence of homosexual feelings of identification. (Herbert, 2002) Our society relies upon various kind of drugs and substances for every day living. It has become a ‘drug culture’. There is a huge increase of drugs and alcohol usage among young people. For the majority of young people this may be a serious issue.Young people who use substances may demonstrate low self-estee m and self-worth, rebelliousness and lack of aspiration in relation to academic achievement. A distinction needs to be made there are those young people who present with a range of anti-social behaviour, such as criminal activity, aggression, and so on. (Coleman, 1990) This might be difficult but social workers need to know how to balance the rights of young people and their responsibility to society. It might be very difficult to understand people’s life course, especially the influences and the complex events that they may have been through.Recognising the impact of life events is very important, their complexity and the effects, they can have not only on people’s lives but on social work practice too. The impact of parental conflicts, for example being exposed to verbal and physical violence will have an impact on children’s behaviour. Children are generally the losers when their parents’ marriages end in divorce or their long-term partnerships are ter minated. Boys and girls are both equally vulnerable says Herbert (2002). Divorce is usually a lengthy process, not simply a single incident in children’s lives.Parental conflict has been associated with poor academic performance, depression and antisocial behaviour (Carlson, 2000). Although not all children will be affected by parental conflict, this behaviour has clear and negative effect on children and their future behaviour. Children who loss their mother before age 11 are more vulnerable to depression and suicide thoughts. Suicide attempts are very much a late adolescent phenomenon, the peak being among 15-19 years old. The rate of attempted suicides for adolescent girls far exceeds that for boys.Frequently the action is unplanned, impulsive and undertaken in a manner that is likely to be discovered. Teenagers sometimes have fantasies about their own death, which involve their ‘ending it all’, and yet surviving the event by ‘attending’ their own funeral where they are able to savour the grief and guilt displayed by errant parents or boyfriend/girlfriend. These fantasies indicate how, in some adolescents, the finality of death is not fully comprehended, or at least not while in a depressed or hysterical state. Herbert, 2002) Other young people may present emotional issues, such as depression and anxiety. A distinction also needs to be made between those that might be associated with development issues and those that may be more serious. For example, small portion of young people will present with psychiatric disorders such as the author mentioned above suicide attempts, schizophrenia, anorexia or bulimia nervosa. (Barker, 2003) One in five children and adolescents suffer from moderate to sever mental health problems.A significant number of sever problems in childhood, if not adequately treated can lead to lifelong mental illness in adulthood Children whose parent have mental health illness are known to be at higher risk of developing the same difficulty of their own. (Barker, 2003) The cognitive explanation of children’s and young people’s behaviour is concerned not only with what is actually happening but also with their understanding and a mental representation of what is going on. That is why it is important for social workers to have an understanding of ‘normal’ child growth and development.This will allow comparing, and assessing the development of a child that needs to be assessed. Additionally it would help to judge the role of parents, or carers and their ability to meet the demands of the different stages of the child development, their ability to respond to good parenting, their values, attitudes, and the impact that this can have on the child. (Herbert, 2002) Throughout this essay, the author tried to attempt to identify issues that may specifically affect the individual’s experience of adolescence, namely issues of gender, race and culture.Social workers r esponse to different behaviour issues has to depend of an assessment of the individual, and the range of factors, planning a response and supporting children, young people, parents and others to understand and manage their behaviour problems. Understanding of the theories of human development is necessary in establishing effective partnership with people who use social services. In conclusion, the author presents in this essay some of the advantages and disadvantages of viewing behaviour across the life span.Social workers need to look at the particular individual behaviour in context of life span perspective because only then they can make the right judgement of that person. However, it is very important for social workers to have a holistic approach in understanding someone’s behaviour. This means taking to account every aspect of the individual’s life. In other words, building an understanding of the whole person’s life, not only physical or psychical but als o social, cultural, historical factors that may have influence their life.Looking at human behaviour gives also a wider perspective, and it takes the social worker beyond his own particular life experience giving a ‘bigger picture’, understanding of people’s behaviour. However, it is important again to be careful to not stereotyping or labelling people. Finally, social workers need to remember that they are dealing with human beings, unique individuals that is way they need to make sure that when they talk to them they must listen carefully and try to understand them from their perspective. 3,228 words Reference: Ackerman, N.W. (1958) Psychodynamics of family life, Imprint Adams, G. R. (2003) Blackwell's handbook of adolescence, Blackwell Publishing,   Adams, R (2002) Social work, Themes issues and critical debates. Palgrave, New York. Aronson, E (2005) Social psychology 5ed. Upper Saddle River,  Pearson Education,   Barker, P (2003) Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. The craft of caring. Arnold, London Bee, H. (2002) Lifespan development  3ed. Allyn ; Bacon,   Boston. Carlson, N. R. (2000) Psychology, The science of behaviour,  Allyn ; Bacon   Coleman, J.C. (1990) The nature of adolescence,  2ed. Routledge. Crawford, K. (2003) Social work and human development, Learning Matters,  Exeter. Davies, M. (1997) Blackwell companion to social work, Blackwell Publishers, Erikson, E. H. (1995) Childhood and society, Vintage. Giddens, A. (2001) Sociology, 4ed. Polity Press,  Cambridge. Grant, J. P. (1991) The state of the world’s children 1991,  Unicef. Herbert, M. (2002) Typical and atypical development. From conception to adolescence. BPS Blackwell,  Oxford. Howe. D. 1999) Attachment theory, Child maltreatment and family support, A practice and assessment model. Macmillan Press. Lindon, J. (1998) Understanding child development, Knowledge theory and practice. Macmillan Press. Parker, J. (2003) Social work practice . Assessment, planning, intervention and review. Learning Matters, Exeter. Piaget, J. (1977) The origin of intelligence in the child,  Penguin Books, Harmondsworth. Skinner, B. F. (1953) Science and human behaviour, Macmillan Press. Sugarman, L. (2001) Lifespan development, Frameworks, accounts and strategies. 2ed. Psychology Press,  Hove. Adolescence: Developmental Psychology and Social Work Practice Module Title: Human Growth and Behaviour. Assessment Title: What are the advantages and disadvantages of viewing behaviour through the life-span perspective for social practise? ADOLESCENCE The author’s aim is to outline the advantages as well as disadvantages in adolescence behaviour and human development processes across people life span, and particular adolescence. This essay will look at the different models, theories of social work and the factors that may have influence social work practice.The physical, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental and politico-economical are the factors that Bowlby (1999), Erikson (1995), Freud and Piaget (1977) have mentioned in their theories and the author will explore, discuses and examine them. The factors and the theories are numerous to cover in the essay of this size, and with this in mind the author is looking at examining same of them very briefly and same more in depth. In the first part, the author will cover human developme nt through the life span. The reasons why knowledge and understanding of human development throughout the life course are important to social work practice.The author will also outline the importance of our own personal values, and the impact that these may have on social work practice. Understanding the impact of transactions within a person’s life course is important for social work practice in order to understand other people’s lives. However, it is important to remember that although people may experience the same life event, their response to the situation and the decisions that they make will differ. Deferent people have different perceptions of what is happening to them as they move through transitions in their lives.Their response and learning from it might be very different from one individual to the other. For example, one may have enjoyed school, another tolerated it or hated it. Social workers need to recognise in working with people the different transitio ns and may use them as an opportunity in helping the service users to grow, change, or develop. Of course, there are numbers of different perspectives that could be taken into account of how we develop into who ‘we are’. That is why the author will look at some ideas and theories from biology, sociology, psychology, and their assumptions of what influences they may have on human life.Firstly, the author will look at two theories and try to explain the individual’s behaviour namely, ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’. (Crawford, 2003) The nature viewpoint believes that our genes predetermine who we are and the characteristics we have are inherited, for example people’s physical appearance etc. The problem with this believes is that it suggests that the change is impossible, we are who we are and there is nothing we can do about it. The danger in this thinking is the stereotyping people, and thus supporting prejudice and oppression.On the other hand, the nurture’s viewpoint argues that the environment, and the way we are brought up influence our development, giving the evidence in patterns of family behaviour, for example, introverted or extroverted family members. Again, there is a danger in stereotyping people thus contributing towards oppression. (Crawford, 2003) A sociological approach explains human identity by examining the interactions between people and society in which they live. It explores the different classes of society starting from wide perspective then looking at them and the influence it may have on the individuals. (Giddens, 2001)Physiological approach explains human development by examining the physical development and genetic make-up, for example, biological theories explain a child’s growth and development, concentrating on characteristics inherited from biological family. (Crawford, 2003) Psychology is a discipline, which studies people their thoughts, feelings and emotions. There are m any different theories the most relevant to the subject are the developmental psychology and psychosocial theory. Developmental psychology has an approach of how people develop across life course, by exploring their thoughts, feelings and behaviours (Aronson, 2005).Piaget (1977) the author of cognitive development theory believed that the child seeks to understand and adopt into the environment. In doing so, the child undertakes certain actions as it moves through stages of development. Another approach to understand the human life course from a developmental psychology perspective is presented trough theories that focus on behaviour and how behaviour and actions influence our learning. (Piaget, 1977) Skinner’s (1953) behaviourism explained human development as the acquisition of behaviourism that is learned through responses to experiences.Skinner did not see the individual’s thoughts or conscious mind as influencing their behaviours, but rather behaviour as a respons e controlled by the rewards or punishments in the individual’s environment. (Skinner, 1953) Albert Bandura (1977) also emphasised in his social learning theory the importance of behaviour and the environment, but he saw cognition or thoughts as being a significant factor in the person’s development. Therefore, the social learning theories consider the influence of values, beliefs, self-determination, emotions and thought on the learning process.Psychosocial theories arise from a combination of two perspectives psychology and sociology disciplines. David Howe describes psychosocial as being created by the interplay between the individual’s psychological condition and the social environment (Howe, 1998) Erik Erikson (1995) in his model of life stage development saw people building their identity as they move through ‘crisis’ points in their lives. Each person moving through stages by moral excellence, however the successful progression through each st age, by negotiation of the particular ‘crisis’ to a positive outcome, ensures healthy development (Erikson, 1995)All these theories explain human development as being largely dependent upon the impact of the environment, social and cultural influences. They can be criticised or appreciated for their strengths and weaknesses in the way they explain and describe certain aspects of development. For example, Jean’s Piaget’s (1977) theory of cognitive development could be considered as one of the most comprehensive and logical in helping to understand children’s mental development. However, Piaget’s (1977) theory is not as useful in understanding how life events and challenges influence growth and development in adulthood. Piaget, 1977) For this area of life, course development Erikson’s model of life stage development is more likely to be relevant. (Erikson, 1995) The human life can be very complex, influenced by interactions of biological , social, psychological and environmental factors. It is therefore, very important to appreciate a range of theories from across disciplines. It may not be possible for anyone’s theory to explain all aspects of human life and its development. Taking one approach would lead to one aspect of someone’s life leaving the other aspects of the person’s ignored (Adams, 2003).The author believes that each of the models and theories introduced within this essay are valuable to our understanding of human development through the life span. Social workers need to develop an understanding of these theories from a range of disciplines in order to take holistic approach in their practice. Very important aspects of social work practice are assessments, planning, intervention and reviews. Parker (2003) describes a number of aids and activities that social workers may use when gathering and analysing information as they make assessments with service users. (Parker, 2003)Before mov ing on more deeply to adolescence, the author will briefly look at the importance of childhood and the implications that it has on adolescence, and the rest of life. One of the most important parts of social worker practice is empowering people to be actively involved in processes and decisions that affect their lives. Social workers need to develop this skill as well as other skills like communication and listening to help those who are unable to speak or express themselves. The right of children to have their voices heard has been enshrined in an international treaty, the convention on the Rights of Children (1999).The Convention on the Rights of Children 1991 is a universally agreed set of standards and obligations in relation to the basic human rights that all children have – without discrimination Grant (1991). Early relationships are often viewed by theorists as having a critical role in the person’s emotional well being throughout their life. Attachment theory i nvolves the study of relationships, in particularly early relationships of infants and children. ( Lindon, 1998) Attachment by Lindon (1998) is described as a positive emotional link between two people (a link of affection).The original concept of attachment has been attributed to the studies of John Bowlby (Howe, 1999). He believed that the source development of personality lay in early childhood and that any trauma of failure in these early relationships could permanently shape the development of the child’s personality thus have a great impact on adult’s life. Dozens of studies shown that children rated as securely attached to their mother in infancy are later more sociable, and more positive in their behaviour towards friends and family.They are less dependent on people, less aggressive and disruptive, more empathetic and more emotionally mature in their interactions in school and other settings. Adolescents are also more socially skilled, have friendships that are more intimate, are more likely to be rated as leaders, and have higher self-esteem and better grades Bee (2002). Attachment theory also provides a sophisticated set of ideas for making sense of people’s feelings and behaviours. (Lindon, 1998)) Adolescence in Latin, adolescere means ‘to grow up’ it usually starts with the physical changes associated with puberty, which begin the physical changes to the body. Carlson, 2000) Whilst these are important, there are other critical processes of development: ‘self’ and the search for identity, the development of relationships, for example with friends, and very important changing nature of relationships within families, that are a central feature of this period of an individual’s life. It is a time of not only biological changes but also, psychological and social. Adolescence as a period of life is often seen as a whole period of transition, the transition from childhood to adulthood, probably the mos t challenging and difficult period of life in terms of development (Herbert, 2002).All adolescence confronts the some development tasks – adjusting to changes in their bodies and the challenge of their developing sexuality and new ways of thinking, as they strive for their own identity, emotional maturity and independence. Consequently, relationships, particularly with the family, will be subject to adoption and change. However, the timing of these changes varies between individuals, influenced by such things as gender, genes and culture (Ackerman, 1958). Adolescence as a period of development maybe considered for a range of different perspectives that focus on biological, psychological and social aspects of development. Davies, 1997) Biological development in adolescence is associated with a whole range of physical changes. Puberty is the period of rapid changes that occur as the person moves from childhood and begins adolescence. Hormones affect every aspect of growth and d evelopment and the level of certain hormones rises naturally during adolescence, primarily causing increased sexual interest and mood swings Numbers of physical changes take place, for example a rapid acceleration in growth and weight. (Bee, 2002) Social development in adolescence is a period of transitions from being a child into being an adult.Adolescents seek greater independence from their parent’s relationships moving more towards their peer relationships (Sugerman, 2001). The peer group and the friendship within it play very important part not only in sharing inner feeling and secrets but also in the development of the individual’s identity, changes in our self-concept and self-image. It provides new ways of thinking about problems, values and relationships. It gives the opportunity to think about themselves and the person they are becoming (Erikson, 1995). Erikson (1995) recognised this as the critical crisis of adolescence in the eight stages of development.He believed that the successful resolution of this depends on how the individual resolved the previous crisis of childhood. This period is critical in making sense of the future. Erikson (1995) believed the key to this is the interactions with peers, families, institutions, especially school, society and so on. Erikson(1995) also suggests that the search for identity is ongoing process during adolescence. He says that they may adopt identity based on parents or society they live in, or opposite to that in which the adolescent adopts rebellious, negative stereotype.There can be a situation where a child does not know or care for their identity may explore different alternatives without making any choices. Another one may achieve their identity through assimilation of the experiences and the future plans. Two important parts of identity in social context are gender and ethnicity. Few studies had explored the issue of possible gender differences in relation to social context, with no tren ds apparent. In sum, there has been little evidence of gender differences regarding questions of identity structure or developmental process (Adams, 2003).For young people who are not part of a dominant cultural group, there is concern to establish their cultural identity. They must develop a sense of individual identity and ethnic identity that includes self-identification as a member of their specific group, commitment to that group and its values and attitudes (Bee, 2002). For some young people from an ethnic minority group this may be an issue. However, the critical issue is the decisions they may have to make in operating in a culture of racism and in dealing with negative and racist situation.As a social worker, we need to make sure that our practice is anti-racist and anti-discriminatory with promotion of positive images of people from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Moving on to the end of this piece of work the author will look at the complexity of human life in context of sexual exploration, usage of substances and some of major events and their influences upon adolescence life. Herbert (2002) says that homosexual and lesbian experimentation are ordinary in adolescence however longer term attraction to the some sex or both sexes is reported in fewer than 10 per cent of the population.The way of how others see ‘us’ and think of ‘us’ is of vital importance to the way ‘we’ perceive ‘ourselves’ – our self image. This has particular bearing on how adolescents deal with their dawning realisation of the permanence of homosexual feelings of identification. (Herbert, 2002) Our society relies upon various kind of drugs and substances for every day living. It has become a ‘drug culture’. There is a huge increase of drugs and alcohol usage among young people. For the majority of young people this may be a serious issue.Young people who use substances may demonstrate low self-estee m and self-worth, rebelliousness and lack of aspiration in relation to academic achievement. A distinction needs to be made there are those young people who present with a range of anti-social behaviour, such as criminal activity, aggression, and so on. (Coleman, 1990) This might be difficult but social workers need to know how to balance the rights of young people and their responsibility to society. It might be very difficult to understand people’s life course, especially the influences and the complex events that they may have been through.Recognising the impact of life events is very important, their complexity and the effects, they can have not only on people’s lives but on social work practice too. The impact of parental conflicts, for example being exposed to verbal and physical violence will have an impact on children’s behaviour. Children are generally the losers when their parents’ marriages end in divorce or their long-term partnerships are ter minated. Boys and girls are both equally vulnerable says Herbert (2002). Divorce is usually a lengthy process, not simply a single incident in children’s lives.Parental conflict has been associated with poor academic performance, depression and antisocial behaviour (Carlson, 2000). Although not all children will be affected by parental conflict, this behaviour has clear and negative effect on children and their future behaviour. Children who loss their mother before age 11 are more vulnerable to depression and suicide thoughts. Suicide attempts are very much a late adolescent phenomenon, the peak being among 15-19 years old. The rate of attempted suicides for adolescent girls far exceeds that for boys.Frequently the action is unplanned, impulsive and undertaken in a manner that is likely to be discovered. Teenagers sometimes have fantasies about their own death, which involve their ‘ending it all’, and yet surviving the event by ‘attending’ their own funeral where they are able to savour the grief and guilt displayed by errant parents or boyfriend/girlfriend. These fantasies indicate how, in some adolescents, the finality of death is not fully comprehended, or at least not while in a depressed or hysterical state. Herbert, 2002) Other young people may present emotional issues, such as depression and anxiety. A distinction also needs to be made between those that might be associated with development issues and those that may be more serious. For example, small portion of young people will present with psychiatric disorders such as the author mentioned above suicide attempts, schizophrenia, anorexia or bulimia nervosa. (Barker, 2003) One in five children and adolescents suffer from moderate to sever mental health problems.A significant number of sever problems in childhood, if not adequately treated can lead to lifelong mental illness in adulthood Children whose parent have mental health illness are known to be at higher risk of developing the same difficulty of their own. (Barker, 2003) The cognitive explanation of children’s and young people’s behaviour is concerned not only with what is actually happening but also with their understanding and a mental representation of what is going on. That is why it is important for social workers to have an understanding of ‘normal’ child growth and development.This will allow comparing, and assessing the development of a child that needs to be assessed. Additionally it would help to judge the role of parents, or carers and their ability to meet the demands of the different stages of the child development, their ability to respond to good parenting, their values, attitudes, and the impact that this can have on the child. (Herbert, 2002) Throughout this essay, the author tried to attempt to identify issues that may specifically affect the individual’s experience of adolescence, namely issues of gender, race and culture.Social workers r esponse to different behaviour issues has to depend of an assessment of the individual, and the range of factors, planning a response and supporting children, young people, parents and others to understand and manage their behaviour problems. Understanding of the theories of human development is necessary in establishing effective partnership with people who use social services. In conclusion, the author presents in this essay some of the advantages and disadvantages of viewing behaviour across the life span.Social workers need to look at the particular individual behaviour in context of life span perspective because only then they can make the right judgement of that person. However, it is very important for social workers to have a holistic approach in understanding someone’s behaviour. This means taking to account every aspect of the individual’s life. In other words, building an understanding of the whole person’s life, not only physical or psychical but als o social, cultural, historical factors that may have influence their life.Looking at human behaviour gives also a wider perspective, and it takes the social worker beyond his own particular life experience giving a ‘bigger picture’, understanding of people’s behaviour. However, it is important again to be careful to not stereotyping or labelling people. Finally, social workers need to remember that they are dealing with human beings, unique individuals that is way they need to make sure that when they talk to them they must listen carefully and try to understand them from their perspective. 3,228 words Reference: Ackerman, N.W. (1958) Psychodynamics of family life, Imprint Adams, G. R. (2003) Blackwell's handbook of adolescence, Blackwell Publishing,   Adams, R (2002) Social work, Themes issues and critical debates. Palgrave, New York. Aronson, E (2005) Social psychology 5ed. 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